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The Iran-Iraq War was a prolonged and brutal conflict that erupted in 1980 when Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded Ayatollah Khomeini's Iran. The war was primarily driven by a combination of territorial disputes, ideological differences, and regional power rivalries. The conflict witnessed significant human and material losses on both sides, with estimates of casualties ranging from hundreds of thousands to over a million. The war concluded in 1988 with a ceasefire, leaving both countries economically and militarily weakened.
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