Invasion of Kuwait (1990-1991): In 1990, Iraq, under Saddam Hussein's leadership, invaded Kuwait, claiming it as Iraq's "19th province." The invasion was met with international condemnation, and a U.S.-led coalition was formed to liberate Kuwait. The Gulf War ensued in 1991, with a swift military intervention by the coalition forces, pushing back Iraqi troops and liberating Kuwait. The conflict severely damaged Iraq's infrastructure and economy, leading to international sanctions and a prolonged period of political instability.
Post-Gulf War Relations: After the Gulf War, Iraq faced significant challenges in its relations with Iran and Kuwait. Iraq remained under United Nations sanctions, limiting its ability to rebuild and recover. Relations between Iraq and Iran gradually improved during this period, as both countries shared a Shiite majority population and sought to reestablish political and economic ties. However, suspicions and occasional tensions persisted, particularly regarding their differing regional ambitions.
Ongoing Border Disputes: Iraq and Kuwait have had historical border disputes, particularly concerning the demarcation of their shared border along the Shatt al-Arab waterway. The demarcation issue was partly resolved in 1993 through negotiations facilitated by the United Nations. However, occasional incidents, such as border skirmishes and accusations of territorial violations, have continued to strain their relationship.
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